What is the oral microbiota?
The oral cavity (or mouth) hosts one of the body’s most complex ecosystems: hundreds of microorganism species live side by side in the mouth, including bacteria, yeasts, protozoa and viruses. Along with the bowel, this natural cavity is the most septic part of the human body.
Dental plaque constitutes a major habitat for bacteria inside the mouth. Plaque is a complex bacterial structure which begins with the formation of a deposit on the surfaces of the hard or soft tissues coated by saliva. It is subsequently colonised by microorganisms that are then organised on the basis of physicochemical, nutritional or relational criteria. There are two different types of plaque: supragingival plaque, specifically involved in the development of tooth decay; and subgingival plaque, which is associated with gum and periodontal disease.
What is the oral microbiota?
The oral cavity (or mouth) hosts one of the body’s most complex ecosystems: hundreds of microorganism species live side by side in the mouth, including bacteria, yeasts, protozoa and viruses. Along with the bowel, this natural cavity is the most septic part of the human body.
Dental plaque constitutes a major habitat for bacteria inside the mouth. Plaque is a complex bacterial structure which begins with the formation of a deposit on the surfaces of the hard or soft tissues coated by saliva. It is subsequently colonised by microorganisms that are then organised on the basis of physicochemical, nutritional or relational criteria. There are two different types of plaque: supragingival plaque, specifically involved in the development of tooth decay; and subgingival plaque, which is associated with gum and periodontal disease.
What are the consequences of an imbalance?
Periodontal health is a fragile balance between the aggressive nature of this ecosystem and the host’s response. Any disruption in this balance leads to the development of infectious and inflammatory phenomena, such as periodontitis or gingivitis.
Periodontal diseases are very common and affect all ages.
They are infectious disease. Bacteria builds up at the tooth/gum junction, leading to relatively localised, inflammatory symptoms (gingivitis), or infiltrates further, causing a localised infection (periodontitis). These conditions progress particularly quickly if the patient’s immune defences are weakened (hereditary factors, general health status, immune deficiencies).
Dental decay (or caries) is also a bacterial infection. It leads to acidic demineralisation of the tooth enamel, developing following an imbalance in the mouth’s ecosystem.
How do probiotics act on mouth infections ?
What benefits do probiotics have on oral health?
Periodontal disease and dental decay develop when the mouth’s ecosystem is out of balance. An increase in harmful bacteria occurs in this case, associated with a decrease in beneficial bacteria.
Taking probiotics improves the stability of the oral microbial community.
The goal is to restore the right balance between good and bad bacteria. Probiotics also act by regulating the inflammatory response: they have been shown to be effective at reducing the inflammatory response and improving clinical parameters in individuals with chronic moderate periodontitis.
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