What is inflammation ?
Following a variety of types of damage to tissues caused by chemical, physical or microbial agents, an inflammatory response is usually a normal reaction designed to defend our bodies. Inflammation consists of a complex set of cellular and molecular interactions to help restore the body’s physiological balance and repair the tissues. It can therefore be either local (concerns a few cells) or systemic (widespread throughout the body).
Inflammation is generally considered to be beneficial. When the aim is to defend our bodies against attack and then repair damaged tissue, it is a normal inflammatory response. In this case, the process is one of acute inflammation.
However, if the inflammation persists for too long, it becomes harmful. This may occur due to the aggressive nature of the pathogen, its persistence, the site of the inflammation, abnormal regulation of the inflammatory process or a qualitative or quantitative abnormality in the cells involved in the inflammatory response. In this case, the inflammation becomes chronic.
What is inflammation ?
Following a variety of types of damage to tissues caused by chemical, physical or microbial agents, an inflammatory response is usually a normal reaction designed to defend our bodies. Inflammation consists of a complex set of cellular and molecular interactions to help restore the body’s physiological balance and repair the tissues. It can therefore be either local (concerns a few cells) or systemic (widespread throughout the body).
Inflammation is generally considered to be beneficial. When the aim is to defend our bodies against attack and then repair damaged tissue, it is a normal inflammatory response. In this case, the process is one of acute inflammation.
However, if the inflammation persists for too long, it becomes harmful. This may occur due to the aggressive nature of the pathogen, its persistence, the site of the inflammation, abnormal regulation of the inflammatory process or a qualitative or quantitative abnormality in the cells involved in the inflammatory response. In this case, the inflammation becomes chronic.
Where does chronic inflammation start?
The gut represents the largest surface area for contact and exchange in the human body. It allows nutrients to pass through it, but also stops unwanted substances, from food, bacteria, viruses, or other foreign bodies (medicines, pesticides, additives, etc.), via various defence mechanisms (physical barrier, gut microbiota and intestinal immune system).
However, the gut can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including chronic stress or repeated infections, causing loosening of its tight junctions. The gut’s permeability is then increased, allowing it to let unwanted substances through into the blood circulation
This phenomenon is known as leaky gut syndrome. A chronic inflammatory reaction then develops.
The cytokine balance is a very good marker of inflammatory status. Cytokines (interleukins, TNF-alpha, etc.) are proteins synthetised in small amounts by the immune cells in response to a stimulus.
Pro- or anti-inflammatory, they play a role in all phases of inflammation.
It is the balance between these pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that will locally control the intensity and duration of the inflammatory reaction.
What is the leaky gut syndrome ?
How can inflammation be limited by probiotics?
By restoring the balance of the gut microbiota (which used to be known as the gut flora), probiotics reinforce the barrier effect of the gut lining (gastrointestinal mucosa) by keeping it intact. They help protect the body against inflammation:
Probiotics can change the cytokine balance because they have anti-inflammatory properties. In fact, they are capable of regulating the profile of the mediators involved in inflammation:
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