Specific case of allergy
A defective immune system can also contribute to the development of allergic symptoms. Allergy is an abnormal and excessive response of the immune system following contact with a substance foreign to our bodies, called an allergen. Following a first contact with an allergen (sensitisation phase), the body activates lymphocytes, in particular B cells. These then make specific antibodies (IgE) to this allergen, which bind to certain immune cells located in the mucous membranes and the skin. This phase does not cause any symptoms. It is only after they come into contact with the same allergen again that the antibodies react (trigger phase): they induce the allergic reaction cascade (release of histamine and inflammatory substances), causing allergic symptoms such as rhinitis (runny nose), asthma, eczema/dermatitis, conjunctivitis, etc.
Several theories have been put forward as possible explanations for the increased prevalence of allergic diseases. One of these, known as the “hygiene hypothesis” is based on the increased level of hygiene among today’s populations, resulting in less contact with environmental microorganisms during childhood. As a result, the immune system is not required to work as often and malfunctions may develop.
It has been shown that the consumption of some probiotics in children or adults with atopic dermatitis can effectively reduce certain inflammation markers and the associated symptoms, consequently improving quality of life. Positive effects have also been demonstrated in allergic rhinitis and pollen allergy, improving the symptoms of both.
Specific case of allergy
A defective immune system can also contribute to the development of allergic symptoms. Allergy is an abnormal and excessive response of the immune system following contact with a substance foreign to our bodies, called an allergen. Following a first contact with an allergen (sensitisation phase), the body activates lymphocytes, in particular B cells. These then make specific antibodies (IgE) to this allergen, which bind to certain immune cells located in the mucous membranes and the skin. This phase does not cause any symptoms. It is only after they come into contact with the same allergen again that the antibodies react (trigger phase): they induce the allergic reaction cascade (release of histamine and inflammatory substances), causing allergic symptoms such as rhinitis (runny nose), asthma, eczema/dermatitis, conjunctivitis, etc.
Several theories have been put forward as possible explanations for the increased prevalence of allergic diseases. One of these, known as the “hygiene hypothesis” is based on the increased level of hygiene among today’s populations, resulting in less contact with environmental microorganisms during childhood. As a result, the immune system is not required to work as often and malfunctions may develop.
It has been shown that the consumption of some probiotics in children or adults with atopic dermatitis can effectively reduce certain inflammation markers and the associated symptoms, consequently improving quality of life. Positive effects have also been demonstrated in allergic rhinitis and pollen allergy, improving the symptoms of both.
What effects do probiotics have on the immune system?
Probiotics can be a valuable aid to strengthen the body’s natural defences.
Thanks to their immunostimulant effects, they activate a larger number of immune cells, which then increase the secretion of antibodies against the antigens of pathogenic agents.
Studies have demonstrated the benefits of probiotics in the event of respiratory infections or gastrointestinal infections. Supplementation with specific probiotics reduces the incidence of upper airway or gastrointestinal infections, as well as their duration and the severity of some of the associated symptoms. Furthermore, these results can be observed in adults, the elderly, children and athletes.